Urine diagnostics is considered one of the main laboratory tests that have to be taken many times throughout life. The reason for visiting a doctor may be a common cold or other diseases.
There is a stereotype that there is no need to follow the rules for the procedure, such an irresponsible attitude can lead to incorrect diagnosis and false.
Many are interested in how to properly take a urine test, whether preparation is needed.
Following the following rules will help increase the reliability of the analysis:
Compliance with these rules allows you to obtain the most accurate information, which will allow you to diagnose diseases in the early stages.
The container must be clean, the ingress of washing powders and gels is excluded, the plastic tank made of tinted glass is best suited, which is recommended to be disinfected beforehand.
For these purposes, a special container that can be bought at a pharmacy is ideal.
How to take a urine testIf inflammatory processes are suspected, a general urine test according to Nechiporenko is prescribed.
The main difference is that during a conventional analysis, materials that fall into the microscope view are examined, and as part of the Nechiporenko analysis, they are also examined in 1 milliliter. In the latter case, the analysis is more accurate.
If in doubt, after collecting the analysis according to Nechiporenko, it is recommended to take a three-glass dose.
It is preliminary recommended to refrain from going to the toilet for 4-5 hours, it is best to use urine collected in the morning, evening and daytime are also suitable for these purposes. Urine must be collected in three containers for 1 act of urination, it is important to follow the rules.
Urine collection according to Zimnitsky should be done at a certain time, the following materials will be needed for analysis:
Urine collection is carried out for 24 hours in 8 containers every 3 hours, starting at 9 am on the first day and ending at 6 am on the next day. Collected materials in a closed place in the cold.
In further analysis, density, volume, and the presence of salts in the resulting liquid are taken into account.
The urine collected during the day should dominate over the collected at night, an increase in volume occurs after fluid intake, the density increases against the background of taking diuretics, with diabetes, early gestosis during childbearing.
Often women are interested in how to properly pass urine during pregnancy. When passing through this condition, a woman takes urine tests several times, this ensures the timely diagnosis of diseases and the prevention of complications that may pose a danger to the woman and the unborn child.
The state of pregnancy is accompanied by colossal changes in the body, testing allows you to keep all processes under control, maintain indicators at a normal level.
During pregnancy, foreign inclusions (hemoglobin, leukocytes,) are not allowed in the analyzes, deviations from the norm are not allowed. If any violations are detected, a pregnant woman is subject to hospitalization to monitor her condition.
Preparation consists in maintaining hygiene, maintaining a diet, avoiding alcohol.
Urine sampling is not carried out during menstruation, as the indicators differ significantly from the norm. If there is an urgent need to pass urine during menstruation, it is necessary to use a tampon.
Preparation for delivery is the same as for women, products that can affect the color of urine should be excluded. The diet should contain foods that are healthy for digestion.
The process of taking the liquid should also be under control, the composition of the water should not contain sweeteners and dyes. You should give up cigarettes, beer, alcoholic beverages and other bad habits that may affect the performance of double tests.
If for adults, collecting urine does not cause difficulties, then a similar procedure for an infant can turn into a real problem. This is due to the fact that the process of urination in babies is difficult to control, especially if the baby is in a diaper.
So, how to take a general urine test in children? When taking urine from infants, a urinal is used, the technique for collecting urine in this case is greatly simplified. By the way, this is the answer to the question -
In the case of an adult child, the situation is greatly simplified, it is important to pre-prepare the baby, adjust the diet and drink.
In the morning, the baby must be washed and wiped, it is recommended to collect urine in a special container purchased from a pharmacy, which minimizes the likelihood of distortion.
In big cities, there are a large number of private centers where you can take tests at any time, and not just strictly from 8 to 9 in the morning, as in a public hospital.
For analysis, you must provide a referral from the attending physician. The cost in the latter case may be higher, it all depends on the capabilities and individual preferences of the patient.
The lack of good results indicates the identification of components that are uncharacteristic of the normal state - cylinders, erythrocytes, proteins, etc.
An excess of red blood cells indicates the development of diseases such as kidney sclerosis, blood clotting disorders, inflammation of the kidneys.
With an increase in the concentration of leukocytes, infection of the urinary organs and kidneys, urethra is observed, and exacerbations of urolithiasis may also occur.
If cylinders are found more than normal, a violation of the functioning of the kidneys is diagnosed, if such inclusions are found in a pregnant woman, there is a high probability of developing preeclampsia.
2 418
How long can a urine sample be stored in the refrigerator? Let's figure it out. Such a simple study raises many questions in patients. Most often, it is not clear how to collect material for a particular type of analysis, what preparation is needed for this, and how long the collected urine can be stored. There are certain rules and recommendations that are prescribed by experts. This helps to make the diagnosis as accurate as possible. As practice shows, not everyone can collect urine correctly. Some people believe that the collected material, namely urine, can be stored for some time. And then take it to the laboratory for research. But it's not. The fresher the urine, the more accurate the result of the analysis.
Most often, the question of the possible shelf life of the collected urine arises when the analysis needs to be taken by an elderly person or a small infant. In this situation, collecting urine for analysis presents certain difficulties, since these categories of patients cannot always control certain processes in the body.
An accurate result is shown only by the analysis, the material for which is fresh. For this reason, it is necessary to minimize the time between the collection of material and its delivery for analysis. Only in this way the reliability and quality of the results will be as accurate as possible.
So, how long can urine be stored for analysis?
Ideally, the shelf life of urinalysis material should not exceed two hours. Preservatives are not recommended, however, experts allow their use if the interval between the collection and delivery of the material for analysis is more than two hours.
After this period, the collected urine changes its basic properties, the destruction of sedimentary components occurs in it and microorganisms multiply. At the same time, there is an increase in the pH of urine, as harmful bacteria throw ammonia into it. If the study is carried out to determine the amount of glucose in the urine, then the indicators after two hours may be underestimated. This is due to the fact that microorganisms feed on glucose as well. Exposure to daylight also has a detrimental, destructive effect on urine, in particular on bile pigments.
Many are interested in how much urine can be stored before analysis.
To extend the shelf life of urine, it is allowed to place it in the refrigerator door. However, freezing of the material should not be allowed in any case. But cooling, although it does not affect the main components, can change the density of the liquid itself. Regardless of how long the collected urine has been stored in the refrigerator, this should be reported to the laboratory staff or noted in the referral. Before the study, you need to determine exactly how much urine can be stored for analysis.
If the doctor prescribes the collection of daily urine, then it will be necessary to add one of the preservatives below to the first portion of urine. The main drugs for this purpose are:
How long can you store before taking a urine test with preservatives?
There are several types of studies, the material for which is urine collected in different ways. The most popular types of analyzes are:
How much can be stored? This study involves collecting urine from the morning portion, that is, that which has accumulated in the bladder during the night. It is during this period that natural fluctuations in physical and chemical parameters in the body are at a minimum level. Therefore, it is possible to determine the pathological changes occurring in the human body with maximum accuracy. The period of storage of urine for such a study is not more than two hours. The reliability and accuracy of the results directly depend on how quickly the material can be delivered to the laboratory. Many are interested in how long urine can be stored for analysis.
This study involves the collection of material from 8 portions of urine within 24 hours. To collect the material you need 8 special cups. On the containers you need to indicate the full name. patient and numbering from 1 to 8, as well as the time of collection of each portion. The very first morning portion is not taken for analysis. From 9 o'clock in the morning every three hours it is necessary to empty the bladder and collect material. The final portion is collected from 6 to 9 am the next day.
Since in the intervals between the specified time, the patient may experience additional urge to the toilet, this liquid is also collected. Do not allow even a small portion of urine to be poured into the toilet. If one of the jars is full, then you need to take an additional container. If there is no urge to empty the bladder at the specified time, an empty jar is sent to the laboratory.
It is important to check with the medical staff how much urine can be stored for analysis.
In order to correctly decipher the results of the study, the doctor needs to have additional information about the amount of fluid drunk by the patient per day. The storage conditions of the collected urine are also an important point. It is necessary to keep the containers in the refrigerator door. The most important thing is to prevent the material from freezing.
In preparatory measures before passing urine for analysis using this method, it is recommended to follow a diet, namely, to exclude fatty, spicy, fried, sweet and salty foods. You can also not eat foods that are allergens or can stain urine.
Urine is collected in a sterile container, which can be bought at any pharmacy. Before collecting urine, it is recommended to observe the rules of personal hygiene. It is necessary to avoid getting secretions and epithelium into the collected material, as this will make the results inaccurate and require a retake.
For this type of study, an average portion is needed. This means that the first and last part of the urine is not collected. The shelf life of the material is also no more than two hours. How much urine can be stored before taking the test, we found out.
Although preparation for this study is not required, it is most optimal to take it in a hospital setting. The main limitation is the amount of fluid consumed, it should be as small as possible. On the eve of the delivery, it is necessary to observe a predominantly meat diet.
Urine is collected during the day. However, in practice this is quite difficult to implement, since it must be properly stored. Therefore, the express method of collection in 12 hours is increasingly used. Urine is collected at bedtime and then in the morning. After that, it is mixed and poured into a container that belongs to the laboratory.
To conduct this type of analysis, it is necessary to collect the morning portion of urine on an empty stomach. Before taking the material, it is necessary to carry out hygiene procedures. Urination is divided into three stages. The middle portion should be the most voluminous. Containers must be signed with numbers from 1 to 3. How long can urine be stored for analysis? Storage of urine for this type of analysis should also not be more than two hours.
Urine is the most accessible biological fluid used to diagnose various diseases.
Its composition is subject to significant fluctuations, depends on the internal state of the body, environmental factors.
Urinalysis is prescribed not only to sick, but also to healthy people during medical examination to assess the general state of health. Because the patient collects biological material for research on his own, you need to know how to take a urine test correctly.
During the study, the quantity, color, transparency, odor, specific gravity (density), composition are evaluated, sediment microscopy is performed.
Based on the results of the analysis, the disease is detected, its severity is assessed, the treatment plan and the patient's observation are determined.
In order to avoid diagnostic errors, the patient should familiarize himself with the simple rules for collecting urine before taking the test.
Before the study, limit the intake of salty foods, mineral water.
Try to avoid strenuous physical activity - this can lead to the appearance of protein in the urine.
Do not eat a lot of sweet and coloring foods (carrots, beets). If possible, do not take medication, because. some indicators of urine may be unreliable. Urine collection utensils must be clean.
Special sterile containers can be purchased at the pharmacy. Additional processing of such containers is not necessary. Also, urine can be collected in a regular jar, which must be thoroughly washed, poured over with boiling water, and it is better to boil. Do not wipe the jar, but dry it in the open air with the neck up.
Urine collection is carried out only after a thorough toilet of the external genital organs.
For men, pull back the foreskin if it is not circumcised. Wash the head of the penis with soap, rinse with boiled water.
For women, use cotton balls soaked in soapy water to wash the area of the external genital organs from front to back (from the pubis to the anus). Each ball should be used once. Then rinse the genitals well with boiled water.
During menstruation, do not collect urine. This can lead to an increase in leukocytes and erythrocytes in the sample, the detection of bacteria.
If the analysis needs to be done urgently, use a regular swab. In stationary conditions, urine is collected using a catheter.
When collecting urine, women should dilute the labia, men should pull the foreskin.
Because cells from the urethra and from the external genitalia can get into the urine, during collection it is necessary to release a small amount of urine, and then pee directly into the container.
Close the jar with a lid. You can store it in the refrigerator.
Urine from children is collected according to the same rules. If the baby cannot pee in a jar, collect urine from the pot. It should be pre-washed with soapy water, rinse well. In infants, it is better to use a special urinal. There are urinals for boys and girls, sold in pharmacies.
Urinalysis (CAM) is a screening test. It is carried out as part of the medical examination of the population to identify various pathologies. Included in the mandatory minimum examination for all diseases.
With the help of OAM, one-time urine is examined. Urine should be in the morning.
You should not collect it in the evening, because. prolonged storage can lead to the growth of bacteria. For analysis, an average portion of urine (about 50 ml) is taken. Release a small portion of urine, substitute a jar under the stream, fill the container with urine by 2/3, pour the rest of the urine into the toilet.
Take the urine to the laboratory no later than 2 hours after collection.
You might be interested to know about the causes of such a common symptom as frequent urination. Everything about this unpleasant syndrome is here. How to get rid of it?
For analysis, urine is collected per day as follows:
Before 7 in the morning you need to urinate in the toilet. Further, urine is collected in a container for every 3 hours. From 7 am to 10 am you pee in one jar, 10 am to 1 pm in a new one, and so on. All containers are signed - the time of collection is indicated. If there was no urination during the specified time, leave the jar empty. You will get 8 servings in total.
During the collection of urine for this analysis, record the amount of fluid you drink, also every 3 hours.
Allows you to evaluate the metabolism and the work of internal organs. The most common urine test is for sugar, total protein.
For this study, both single and morning urine can be collected. Before the analysis, be sure to drown with a doctor!
Daily urine is collected as follows.
In the morning, urinate into the toilet, subsequent portions (day, night and morning of the next day) merge into one container. A jar of urine must be stored in the refrigerator.
At the end of the collection, measure the total amount of urine, mix, drain approximately 50 ml into a separate clean jar. You do not need to bring the entire container for analysis!
In children, the Sulkovich test is performed. This type of biochemical analysis of urine allows you to identify violations of mineral metabolism in rickets. For this study, one-time morning urine is taken, because. It is quite difficult to collect a daily allowance from children.
This analysis is performed when abnormalities are detected in the general analysis of urine. Allows you to more accurately determine the number of leukocytes and erythrocytes due to the fact that a larger volume of urine (1 ml) is examined. Urine collection does not differ from OAM.
The level of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) is used to diagnose pregnancy and some malignant diseases.
All morning urine is collected for research. It is necessary to follow the general rules for the preparation and technique of collecting material. Urine is suitable for analysis for two days, provided that it was stored in the refrigerator.
A urine culture tank is performed before the start of antimicrobial therapy or 7 days after its completion.
Only disposable sterile containers are used. Urine should be collected as in a general analysis.
In the laboratory, a special test tube with a swab is issued, which should be lowered into the container and soaked in urine. Then place it in a special test tube and close it tightly.
During the collection of urine, it is necessary to strictly observe cleanliness, do not touch the inner walls of the container with your hands.
Urinalysis is an informative and accessible method for assessing the state of the body. But if the material is collected incorrectly, the probability of errors is high. Be sure to specify what type of study you are assigned. Ask your doctor or nurse to explain in detail how to properly collect urine, but rather take a reminder.
General recommendations on how to properly take a urine test include refraining from eating bright vegetables and fruits on the eve of the test, you should stop taking diuretics, the fair sex should not take a urine test during menstruation. If you do not heed these recommendations, the test results may be incorrect, which in turn may lead to an erroneous diagnosis.
It should be remembered that a general urinalysis and a urinalysis for bakposev should be taken on different days in different containers, these studies are by no means carried out simultaneously.
For laboratory research, the sampling of the first morning urine of a person after sleep is usually taken. During the night, urine accumulates in the bladder, the level of daily fluctuations decreases, and the test results will be the most accurate.
Before collecting urine for research, it is necessary to carry out hygiene procedures: wash the external genitalia with a weak solution of potassium permanganate or ordinary soapy water, rinse thoroughly with warm water towards the anus and then wipe with a clean towel or napkin. For women, a hygienic swab can be inserted into the vagina before urine collection, this procedure will increase the reliability of future test results. Hygiene procedures are very important, because if they are not followed, then the results of the analysis will exceed the content of red blood cells and white blood cells.
However, the first portion of urine does not need to be collected in a container for analysis. It may contain various elements that distort the reliability of the analysis results. It is better to collect the average portion in a container, while you should not touch the jar to the body. After taking the material, the container must be tightly closed with a lid.
The important point is that urine must be taken to the laboratory warm, no later than 2 hours after collection. Otherwise, it may affect the reliability of the analysis results. With prolonged storage of urine, there is a possibility of the development of extraneous bacteria in it, the acidity of urine and ammonia excretion increase.
For a general analysis, the first morning urine accumulated overnight in the bladder is required. After carrying out hygiene procedures, it is necessary to collect a portion of urine in a special reservoir or a clean jar. To do this, a small part of the first urine is skipped, the next part is collected in a container, filling it with about 2/3 of the total volume (about 70 ml), the rest of the urine can be flushed down the toilet. Try to immediately take the warm material to the laboratory within 2 hours of collection. With prolonged storage of urine, the level of glucose in it gradually decreases, which will affect the results of the analysis and diagnosis. Under the influence of daylight in the urine, bile pigments, red blood cells and cellular elements are destroyed. All these factors can greatly distort the real picture of a person's health and lead to an erroneous diagnosis.
Urinalysis is the most common type of laboratory research, but in this analysis it is sometimes impossible to see changes associated with the occurrence of inflammatory processes in the body. To clarify the diagnosis, the doctor prescribes an additional study - a urine test according to Nechiporenko, in which only two main indicators are determined: erythrocytes and leukocytes. Normally, leukocytes should not exceed 2000 in 1 ml, erythrocytes - up to 1000 in 1 ml.
The difference between the analysis according to Nechiporenko and the general analysis of urine lies in the process of laboratory research. In the general analysis, erythrocytes and leukocytes are viewed through a microscope, and in the Nechiporenko analysis, the number of units per milliliter is calculated. At the slightest suspicion of an inflammatory process, specialists issue a referral for analysis according to Nechiporenko. Very often, pregnant women are sent for this analysis.
Many people ask themselves the question - how to take a urine test according to Nechiporenko, what features should be taken into account when collecting material? The answer is simple: the analysis is given as usual, urine is taken in the same way, taking into account the rules described above. For the study, you need to collect urine released in the middle of urination, the amount of urine may be less than for the general analysis. Only 15-25 ml of material is enough for a full-fledged laboratory study. Store and take tests should also be no later than 2 hours from the moment of collection.
